Four evidence-based recommendations for teaching foundational reading skills in the early grades (K–Grade 3) are described in the following practice guide, available on the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) website:
Foundational Skills to Support Reading for Understanding in Kindergarten Through 3rd Grade (2016; revised 2019)
These recommendations, prepared by a panel of researchers and practitioners after conducting a review of the evidence from high-quality studies on the topic, are also relevant for older learners requiring remediation in these skills.
The four recommendations (and the levels of evidence found by the IES panel for each) are:
The practice guide provides three to six specific instructional tasks to implement each recommendation. Read Live’s programs, Read Naturally Live (RNL) and Word Warm-ups Live (WWL), offer educators additional tools to support the development of striving readers’ foundational reading skills. Students with phonics needs who do not qualify for placement into the Read Naturally Live Phonics series may receive supplemental support through Word Warm-ups Live while working within the Sequenced series.
The charts below describe how Read Live programs incorporate practices which implement all the recommendations from this evidence-based practice guide.
Chart symbols key: = fully covered; = partially covered
Recommendation 1: Teach students academic language skills, including the use of inferential and narrative language, and vocabulary knowledge.
To implement Recommendation 1: | RNL Phonics series | RNL Sequenced series | Word Warm-ups Live | Features of Read Live programs |
---|---|---|---|---|
| The Prediction and Quiz steps of Read Naturally Live provide students opportunities to think analytically and to connect ideas within and beyond the text through short answer and inference questions for each story. During the Pass step, teachers and students dialogue about the story, student’s predictions, and the quiz. | |||
| The Retelling and Pass steps of RNL provide practice and feedback on student’s retelling of passages, including many narrative non-fiction stories, allowing students to practice the ability to clearly relate series of events. | |||
| The engaging non-fiction passages provide many opportunities to learn contextualized content vocabulary. Reinforcement occurs through the following experiences:
The Quiz and Pass steps provide modeling and opportunities to teach and reinforce academic language through use of various question types. Questions utilize academic language and sentence stems to reinforce the vocabulary and grammatical structures common to formal writing. |
Recommendation 2: Develop awareness of the segments of sounds in speech and how they link to letters.
To implement Recommendation 2: | RNL Phonics series | RNL Sequenced series | Word Warm-ups Live | Features of Read Live programs |
---|---|---|---|---|
| The explicit, systematic lessons in Word Warm-ups Live, Level 1 (Look, Listen, & Respond; Phontastic) provide ongoing modeling and practice opportunities to develop phonological awareness. During the Practice step, students practice reading word lists requiring them to manipulate sounds (individual sounds, onsets, and rimes). For additional phonemic awareness instruction, see the programs Funēmics and GATE: Reading Intervention for Small Groups. | |||
| Both the Read Naturally Live Phonics series (phonics lesson) and Word Warm-ups Live, Level 1 (Look, Listen, and Respond) explicitly teach and reinforce the alphabetic principle. Activities provide many opportunities to apply letter-sound knowledge. | |||
| During the Introduction and Look, Listen, Respond steps of exercises, students are guided to listen to the sounds before applying the instruction to print. The Word Warm-ups Live Phontastic wait-time activity utilizes questions with either auditory or visual prompts to reinforce and provide practice using letter-sound knowledge and skills (for example, identifying and matching beginning sounds or rhymes). The Word Warm-ups Spelling step provides students with opportunities to make words from audio prompts with immediate corrective feedback. |
Recommendation 3: Teach students to decode words, analyze word parts, and write and recognize words.
To implement Recommendation 3: | RNL Phonics series | RNL Sequenced series | Word Warm-ups Live | Features of Read Live programs |
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| Both the Read Naturally Live Phonics series (phonics lesson) and Word Warm-ups Live (Look, Listen, and Respond) explicitly model blending of sounds to pronounce words. | |||
| | These Read Naturally programs are all phonics-based and incorporate a systematic approach to instruction. Each program offers a scope and sequence summary this shows the progression of skills by level or section. | ||
| The Read Naturally Live Phonics series and Word Warm-ups Live, Levels 2 and 3, provide explicit instruction and practice applying common word parts. | |||
| In the Read Naturally Live Sequenced series, students read along with Key Words; whereas in both the Read Naturally Live Phonics series and in Word Warm-ups Live, students practice reading lists of words containing featured phonics patterns. In Read Naturally Live and Word Warm-ups Live, students conduct repeated oral reading of passages containing many decodable words. | |||
| | High-frequency words are embedded throughout both Read Naturally Live and Word Warm-ups Live, and students have multiple opportunities to hear, read, and write these words. However, irregular high-frequency words are not explicitly taught. For explicit instruction in high-frequency words, see the GATE: Reading Intervention for Small Groups and Signs for Sounds programs. | ||
| Read Naturally Live provides explicit word preview of Key Words for each story. All story words within the program are clickable with audio support. Vocabulary words are clickable during the Read Along step in both the Phonics and Sequenced series. When clicked, the word, definition, and often a sample sentence are shown with accompanying audio. For explicit instruction in high-frequency words, including non-decodable words, see the GATE: Reading Intervention for Small Groups and Signs for Sounds programs. |
Recommendation 4: Ensure that each student reads connected text every day to support reading accuracy, fluency, and comprehension.
To implement Recommendation 4: | RNL Phonics series | RNL Sequenced series | Word Warm-ups Live | Features of Read Live programs |
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| While reading during the Cold Timing step of Read Naturally Live, a student clicks on unknown words to hear the correct pronunciation. In addition, this step offers the opportunity for teachers to model strategies, review phonics features, build vocabulary knowledge, or provide other feedback about words read incorrectly to support a student’s word reading. The Read Along step provides teacher modeling as the student reads along with a proficient reader several times. In order to pass, the student has to read passages or word lists with no more than three errors, so the student is motivated to develop accurate and efficient word identification while completing the steps of the program. | |||
| | In Read Naturally Live, students receive multiple methods of feedback and support to build comprehension:
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| The Practice step utilizes the research-based practice of repeated oral reading of non-fiction passages or word lists. Teachers may provide additional instruction or support during the Pass step while evaluating the student’s practiced reading and assigning an expression score using the scale provided. |
Foorman, B., Beyler, N., Borradaile, K., Coyne, M., Denton, C. A., Dimino, J., Furgeson, J., Hayes, L., Henke, J., Justice, L., Keating, B., Lewis, W., Sattar, S., Streke, A., Wagner, R., & Wissel, S. (2016). Foundational skills to support reading for understanding in kindergarten through 3rd grade (NCEE 2016-4008). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance (NCEE), Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved from the NCEE website: http://whatworks.ed.gov.
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